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Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web

1. Ethernet

Communication over a shared Medium

understand the basic problems when communicating over a shared medium
understand the origins of ethernet

Ethernet header

be able to name the ethernet header fields

be able to explain the reason for the preamble

Minimum package length vs maximum cable length

understand that the cable length has an influence to transfer rate

understand that speed of light is responsible for the connection between cable length and transfer rate

be able to calculate the maximum cable length for a given transfer rate

understand that the cable length is part of the Ethernet protocol

Collision detection

Understand that Ethernet is a non deterministic program

Be able to reconstruct a collision detection / resolve algorithm

Understand what happens if two computers send data at the same time

Summary, further reading, homework

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2. Internet Protocol

Motivation for IP

get introduced to the concept of an IP-network

understand that networks can be interconnected

learn about the importance for decentralization as a design principle

realize that Local area networks can be fragmented via IP networks

Classful IPv4 networks

understand that an IP network as an overlay network is an abstract thing that is not directly reflecting the hardware settings

understand the notion of an IPv4 address and its components like network and host part

understand why MAC addresses do not fulfill the requirements of IP addresses.

get introduced to the notion of an IP router / gateway

IP forwarding algorithm

review the definition and concept of an IP network

understand that IP routing works on the level of IP networks

understand the concept of subnetting

review network classes and understand classless inter domain routing.

IP header

get a feeling for the IP header

get a better understanding of how the protocol works

understand which header fields are changed while routing

Summary, further reading, homework

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3. Transmission Control Protocol

End to end principle and connection oriented communication

understand which problems of IP will be solved with the transmition control protocol

be aware of the limitations of the internet protocol and the internet architecture

get to know the end to end principle and in which only sender and receiver take care that communication works properly

Three way handshake

understand the concept of a logical connection (virtual communication channel) between two computers on the internet

understand the importance of acknowledging received messages

be able to understand the process of establishing a tcp / connection

Port numbers

understand the concept of a socket in a TCP/IP package

understand that ports are part of the TCP header

be able to explain the difference between solicited and unsolicited TCP/IP traffic

understand how ports can be used for multiplexing internet connections

Sliding window and flow control

understand the concept of windowsize and sliding window

understand how flow control can prevent TCP connections to overload link layer protocols and slow networks

Summary, further reading, homework

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4. Domain Name System

Tree structure

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Terminology

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Zones

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Review some facts about DNS

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Delegating DNS queries

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DNS address resolution

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Summary, further reading, homework

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5. Internet vs World Wide Web

Summary of the internet architecture

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Motivation and requirements for the World Wide Web

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Design principles of the web

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Uniform Resource Identifier

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File:Web Science MOOC Exercises Week 3.pdf

Summary, further reading, homework

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6. Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Making HTTP requests

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A simple web client

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A simple web server

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HTTP header

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Content negotiation

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Summary, further reading, homework

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7. Web content

Problem setting for web content formats

In this lesson you will learn some basics on the Question: Why Web Content needs structure and proper markup.

Working with XML

Understand the Domain Object Model and the DOM tree

Understand that HTML is just a special dialect of XML

Understand the relationship between HTML and XML

HTML for web document structures

Be able to write simple HTML code having learned a few example elements of HTML (headings, paragraphs, lists, tables, links, anchors, emphasize, input fields; but also few dirty ones like italics, color,...)

See that HTML really is just another simple mark up and has nothing to do with programming

Be able to structure web Content using HTML and create pages following a specified structure.

Layout elements in HTML

Know about the style attribute and how to use it within HTML elements

Know already realize that there are some limits using the style attribute

be able to create websites that follow a certain style guide

Motivating separation of content and layout

See the problems with inline styles

Understand that a style sheet gives you freedom

being able to explain people why they should use style sheets

Cascading Style Sheets

be able to name at least 2 important point why to use style sheets

know how the cascading process works

know the basic syntax of cascading stylesheets

Media content

know how to include a media file like a graphic to your webpage.

understand that images like jpg, gif and bitmaps are hard for machines to understand.

Know how to use a XML based format to create images that are easy to understand for machines and humans an can even make use of stylesheets.

Metadata

Understand that metadata is necessary to communicate the semantics of content

See that using metadata for ranking in search results is a bad idea

get introduced to modern ways of publishing media data as RDFa

Summary, further reading, homework

Understand the separation between content, structure, layout and meta data

Review HTML, CSS, XML, SVG and RDFa

Understand what makes a clean HTML markup ("separation of concerns") vs. unclean one ("mixing responsibilities"); and implications (better or worse maintenance, better or worse personalization, better or worse accessibility)

8. Dynamic Web Content

Basics of server side web programming

become aware of the possibilities to create dynamic content within a webserver

see that you don't have to implement a webserver to be able to serve dynamic content

understand some main issues like blocking I/O that one should keep in mind when doing server side programming

see how the web server is the entry point for web applications

whitelisting of input vs blacklisting and a method of preventing XSS

Forms and HTTP post request

understand the basics of HTTP POST requests

become aware of security issues while transfering data to a web server

be able to create a simple web form in HTML

Handling a post request in a Java Servlet

See how a POST request is handled in a Java Servlet

get to know the Request object

see how a data base query and more advanced technology can be included to a servlet

Client side JavaScript

understand how javascript was supposed to support people to fill out web forms

understand the issues and disadvantages that arise with javascript

Ajax and the XMLHttpRequest class

be aware of JavaScript APIs

know some of the standard JavaScript libraries

be able to understand the concept of Ajax requests.

[[File:Web Science MOOC Exercises Week 4.pdf|frameless|300x170px|link=Web_Science/Part1:_Foundations_of_the_web/Dynamic_Web_Content/Summary,_further_reading,_homework]]

Summary, further reading, homework

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Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web

Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web

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